美國學校評審制度
& P6 p" i' n6 d, Z! c留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。
6 H& A0 L6 i/ K# ^& f+ x) g當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 ) t6 d- K& E6 P7 D3 A
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 1 o2 ]6 C; ?7 o" x6 I+ i
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
4 h: O# c5 ]; z3 w1 o9 P美國學校如何評審
3 K1 v6 C/ O( l) f: E7 z( m% k2 ?在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 . X! Q. l1 @' V% p( y+ ?; L. O
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: , v7 |7 R$ q3 D
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估; 5 u2 j9 j9 j0 K; I8 i
2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; / ]8 h4 o6 K; V2 {
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
" a! B& _* _1 o& N, L; Z, ~在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。
3 [7 P3 U! p8 f8 Y! W六個區域認證機構) M' s }5 A5 j. z P
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: 4 p# q# F. Z! `& J
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
; p, e# S# S3 t& wNew England Association of Schools and Colleges 4 j4 A) d7 _0 ?" Z- `+ B0 D/ T
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools 4 E. g* m! d( k+ e/ e+ f8 c% q
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
5 H1 b4 A; ?% W' }+ ISouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
`% C. h2 `0 i. vWestern Association of Schools and Colleges.
$ X/ r- q6 Y* y. D* l. f& M" A) i% j每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 6 K1 \% N4 o3 O* o. ]4 i" c6 |
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
9 x9 `5 g, ~/ d5 y0 I# ^& P1 ^負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
" G7 a# G( e7 b6 f$ S5 f! Y4 N2 kNew England Association of Schools and Colleges
- o5 C0 J r' d( A* f3 O該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
$ o( Z4 h0 F1 E4 s; O* mNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
3 D* E, D& i7 g% K責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
S( h2 M9 K- V' [- ?Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges & _ s8 |8 h3 s# @: r: F
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 & n# Z! y9 i. h$ G7 ?
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 8 p) C$ ^4 Z8 D! Z
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 / y/ j0 T! ?# ]* b" U4 u
Western Association of Schools and Colleges3 X1 q$ f+ g) E3 w/ R+ @+ |
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
( h6 k" {, y. t) x9 f+ L教育單位認證機構: / X. I& x5 c5 b! X5 z k+ q
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
% l) `% Z2 q* D( xAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council : j) u* L- |# }, `
教育單位認證與計畫認證
$ F* r) F$ F" |* L ?; T除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
! U1 {$ }% ]/ R, E3 e: @Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies
1 t p0 d3 }# J, _7 ^- p2 uProgram1 c( `: k* B# s: h1 b+ H7 m
Accrediting Agency
: k4 v, T" `9 z! B" \Acupuncture
3 A& u% j, v. x! ^1 eNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 3 c/ ?0 v% y, N8 k
Allied Health
, S# f4 D0 [$ v2 m0 ?" cCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs A9 l& K# n" `
Architecture
6 Z! s5 e* N1 E2 ANational Architectural Accrediting Board
0 I6 M, g9 w5 a6 |8 fArt and Design* o7 N1 x5 I' q3 F% k2 {1 t
National Association of Schools of Art and Design
- g0 c& ?/ `& \- L/ i6 H+ ^Business $ u* z5 I, a1 X7 p( A( K/ ]5 X
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
* A# R6 I' A! k$ z8 Z. iChiropractic ( b" G6 @ |7 D, Q8 a$ @
The Council on Chiropractic Education
6 r; _+ J; ^, N X8 f& S9 W, {Dance ! }) S% K7 L$ g2 W
National Association of Schools of Dance
9 b( q6 {0 S5 z5 kDentistry 4 E) t/ h+ W0 T6 O# R4 H
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
4 t' r4 X$ K! P+ B7 aEducation
, G" x6 m0 d: R/ a6 O( ENational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
) q6 Z2 G- v4 }Engineering5 q1 ~, K9 s1 s# B% z+ G
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
+ z/ Q3 M- Z5 K2 {+ ~Environment
. c0 ] y% M# F/ M, INational Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation1 W0 [0 [3 D7 C, r c' \
Health Services Administration8 S$ [/ v- H7 d' a% ] z1 S" T- h
Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration* |. i1 X1 {+ Y( z& r/ V- ?
Interior Design
1 N- x; i" W) a3 nFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
" A! D! p/ |$ Z* v% LJournalism and Mass Communications' y1 m* s& `% y
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
5 T3 |1 b: P6 P- S( B( g1 tLaw + x/ A1 s0 S3 G9 T; s8 F
American Bar Association - e" [7 ~9 F3 c8 k" _
Marriage and Family Therapy ( [) i" ]! S0 |5 q. k% r
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy2 `& K8 D' {+ v
Medicine, m0 W5 m: K+ {8 H" h3 p
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association1 L4 C1 d2 Z# z3 z
Music : n1 X( Q. \6 z T
National Association of Schools of Music0 ?( K5 l4 L: l# Z7 C' U- k( o; B
Naturopathic Medicine
) {# A( L# j2 @Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
* S @0 I$ v" _9 ^* x# xNurse Anesthesia& d) f) A4 S9 u7 O
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
5 T' v# |* F3 S* c! _( aNurse Midwifery
0 c" X& c; t, k5 f) ?7 w+ T6 ~3 a8 iDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
$ G/ J( r& s8 L m" j, t4 ZNursing
; o3 \# r" f3 U% }Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.2 _$ }* a! j, X& [! K4 _
Occupational Therapy, |3 g$ m2 h. Z& C, \4 ^0 j0 T0 ]
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association: N6 {# P0 }4 d
Optometry# K3 s9 X/ b. S& D
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
: Y$ h, O# w% [$ \6 U( `, c, c; l1 COsteopathic Medicine7 F; |6 l) C& S
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association
6 A& K- k5 E/ W, sPharmacy - u$ ~2 X e4 u4 y) n% Y
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education8 q! N" \# k* O+ ]
Physical Therapy# I$ M% Z% r" m+ C& B+ Z+ c
American Physical Therapy Association& C# Y5 R. l% X. s6 Q/ Z
Podiatric Medicine# O( P. L1 n/ [3 j4 m7 u
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
/ e U4 g2 N, R w* @- [Psychology 3 U- G% T: V- W7 }
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association% G) O/ i6 @: n7 }# S
Public Health
- c, Q; K7 i* D6 }' y; S. JCouncil on Education for Public Health
: x- w% f( O' x- z; M4 E! `! V+ B' GRabbinical and Talmudic Education) r+ T9 Z9 w: [( o# G( C4 [5 a
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2 V f% t4 G- Y$ h! wSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology" d) S) `2 X) q4 q' Y
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association4 {$ e8 h1 A+ l# I J! P( \
Theater' F+ P3 Z) k5 z
National Association of Schools of Theatre1 H# k0 J; [% d, d( j
Theology
8 g: x7 u& q. y3 H0 l5 O; zAssociation of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada( t5 o3 Q" i. Q9 L; E4 O& l) a
Veterinary Medicine5 ]$ M. I; p! ?0 S& m( S
American Veterinary Medicine Association |