美國學校評審制度% d2 ^# ~+ N" H
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 8 H# M9 l0 S2 H d0 [
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
9 Z- u8 u4 J. j' _% `/ v, e8 |辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 $ O3 y3 v4 ]2 k
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。 % \ P7 r; r8 v3 T5 e
美國學校如何評審
- M1 {8 B6 \% e3 x9 {在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 ; x$ X# o0 J- Y6 G; c' B& X; k# c
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
; m& |: O$ a6 C/ d; }1 U1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估; ) b! a+ d u5 k8 w8 ~
2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
9 z& W3 w: c8 }, R! F( l( e3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
, s2 B9 Z. K0 z8 z1 Q' Y/ x在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 6 I- @ L5 |, p: u% Y$ \' |8 n- c
六個區域認證機構" A8 T8 l. A, U2 o3 o8 \& r& t
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
' @- y \. L( A6 YMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools : f" q# X) Y$ r7 G( E0 a- D
New England Association of Schools and Colleges : q1 E1 c# u. W7 C- h$ l
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
& G4 V. A8 u+ f5 v5 `. vNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges / [, {3 D& K8 e, J
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
& r6 ~& z% f3 F+ V) N' MWestern Association of Schools and Colleges.
- n7 O; [2 f+ ]) X每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
' B. M0 L& {, s5 K0 e8 ~Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools 5 j! v0 U. ^, E) J @
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
+ Q0 v4 o! i6 k1 G) \New England Association of Schools and Colleges $ k ]# V" X9 D: p# _/ d' W
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 / i1 y. q( H1 O5 t
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools ) h) A/ O4 h$ p) Y
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 ' S3 r* s9 I: Y8 ?& w
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges ; J/ z* K# X1 R" u
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 $ ] Q z2 Q+ p' [+ U% q) _8 U& }
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools - V; v) o# m7 S/ ]
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
5 h# S8 p2 x2 H- U! SWestern Association of Schools and Colleges
) w, o9 o5 B- { B9 n負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
, a! W+ A# m; K5 L- E) Z9 g+ j教育單位認證機構:
1 Y1 _2 i! |1 `( V* U4 d5 f8 X( UAccrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
: g" l& f/ s( Q$ @4 Z6 ?* CAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
) A' _; x" c; U4 z2 }$ `8 W" ~3 `教育單位認證與計畫認證. R8 A& }6 x2 y
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: . D: b" i: Y+ \
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies
) J/ }5 o$ X/ T. k; |2 NProgram
8 i/ c* L) k( ~; z' D- CAccrediting Agency
& Q3 `* [# H3 y V5 X) dAcupuncture! g f2 A/ o; p$ G% e+ [" q5 U
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 4 @' v8 F7 U7 g
Allied Health( o6 L+ c2 n% d8 w0 \ G( M
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs( d2 _' d7 O* L: z+ Q5 m, x, d/ y0 \
Architecture
8 e% H# O1 T) F; p5 o9 W- h) nNational Architectural Accrediting Board7 u$ i- g* f1 _9 U! h- b
Art and Design6 T2 f. @; C0 |0 M H! T: n
National Association of Schools of Art and Design . A7 ~( k0 Q, q% n1 p; [+ G
Business 2 O. s2 }2 Z4 w8 G+ \5 r9 m
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs 8 U# T# h4 f0 ^+ F5 R
Chiropractic
. M; V8 c/ G! a7 OThe Council on Chiropractic Education
7 l/ m7 [* g1 R+ v& D" D# KDance ( x4 ?, _6 ?. g5 D
National Association of Schools of Dance
- W) \% i, F" g7 \& ?Dentistry 5 r5 Q* [( V- x u# X! K
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association1 t2 |* H2 B- K' B$ l. I Y
Education0 g. m+ [( o0 Q" E+ ^( m; r( k
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
) U4 f% w' I- m2 p( ^6 a: q# k; \Engineering
% }7 H6 C% B! D6 L9 ]7 L* hAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
/ E3 L# F* o, Z. y& b5 d" ?Environment 5 r6 r& T$ ~1 \8 P; T5 C: Q! R
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation' R- }- ^- H, c
Health Services Administration6 Z& M& ^. V# m; j, l2 J6 Z
Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration. A9 W& m! Q' @0 c: A0 h# A
Interior Design
f, u) d9 G6 C' k' ?: U2 \- XFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
# m: Z% t9 u$ kJournalism and Mass Communications6 R Z" U3 X; p( B# ?' v8 m d1 j
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
! s0 [, b0 y. S$ a$ Y0 `( }Law
8 k! n) D; L7 e* m' \, uAmerican Bar Association
/ T+ ^ \' V j5 Y( b. X- E+ h2 xMarriage and Family Therapy & V+ n5 ?2 [- y" ]5 c7 R
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
& U- y: ~: q2 D- g: A2 iMedicine2 R% U; n T6 {# O
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association6 c+ @# Y& U/ y/ H* Z+ ]. A
Music 6 F- z; O _6 {' z, K9 z9 ?" f
National Association of Schools of Music
. H: W' z$ Z# N4 A, `4 FNaturopathic Medicine
& z% C4 v! W9 u; nCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education8 J2 {) g! }) e! q/ z
Nurse Anesthesia9 {# g2 x- I1 F0 [
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs& _1 C# y7 N+ C' u1 j( f c
Nurse Midwifery/ W! ?" k* b1 V1 z: ~, E5 r6 U9 s
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
" G; U- @! j$ V0 z& oNursing
! O8 R/ H. U- JAccreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.- G4 }: @9 i8 [) C& |7 R
Occupational Therapy' d Q) G3 `$ d+ c- r3 ]2 O% q1 i
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association- }2 ~0 A* L3 E+ B
Optometry( c% q5 p7 G0 [5 Z
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
* q, {% ?: [2 \# bOsteopathic Medicine
$ _2 F" y- M% T8 k3 @Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association3 I, w1 y- x: p" u4 i4 R0 w6 y
Pharmacy
" K0 I) z# H& |9 e% \: cAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education0 Q% ]9 u/ O8 y
Physical Therapy
* H7 S1 w( P4 [$ d9 UAmerican Physical Therapy Association4 q" F2 w& B d3 |( l# d
Podiatric Medicine0 K* `5 D# w; X9 w, N& p7 N8 Z
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association+ T* w8 l2 `6 `
Psychology
2 n& ^' T' I; C- DProgram Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association, n3 J1 ]5 \1 z$ w) j
Public Health. K* j+ x) i/ b! G$ V' r
Council on Education for Public Health
' v( D9 U7 S4 |; ZRabbinical and Talmudic Education
0 ^6 Y: }, \; S$ y2 z. I- jAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
5 F! g& [3 Q( J% w7 [5 _% H- r% `Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology+ d6 E. s) x8 | `* k8 i9 j3 w
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; Q: f/ \ w4 E _: K8 G
Theater
9 @7 C/ P1 |# [' G [/ q5 `National Association of Schools of Theatre
# D) k* ^$ m- STheology
; m i! H9 I) i& WAssociation of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
( B$ I: H" ^; A3 D6 kVeterinary Medicine0 I* d J2 ]& Q7 c1 r4 l
American Veterinary Medicine Association |