美國學校評審制度* u( v9 R( r- ]( c: C2 p
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。
$ a: z- ^/ V: H' g2 g2 j當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
) u* q; M! _0 t; L辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
6 k; M. Y, Z" c6 W0 w; H0 D現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
?& {. h6 R- g; E美國學校如何評審
! [) ~; v( [+ c在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
5 ]3 f A5 c4 B9 O% \) p2 F5 F( R評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
; I- }/ C5 I& B' B6 |% @4 j$ \1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
' |; g! z: r1 J5 o0 `2 r: g2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
* k; q, q! q. ?" ]. o; g3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 ; h1 P7 B. A* K8 ]' e( ~) J& {
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 , S9 [ _, Q8 f1 D3 m" W1 u
六個區域認證機構
6 j8 H4 J& N2 i+ n美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: b$ ?9 v) u- u2 ]
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
4 F; ], [/ C" A) [4 |* \ ONew England Association of Schools and Colleges
6 |, d' L- V2 K2 @5 u! M! W! k6 B0 VNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools ) z/ V) a J) |% I; t
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
3 B k% z1 N8 p4 SSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
6 U$ B# q ?, IWestern Association of Schools and Colleges. 9 J: l# {4 \! _( ]) k
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
) J t, M; ^ \' W# BMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
0 P0 V8 J7 B+ W! d負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
5 |: E$ @" Y( I0 L3 RNew England Association of Schools and Colleges * Z0 D& f4 P" o5 C, l7 P
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
0 K, \& K2 l$ S; B5 m1 a7 s4 uNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
. @' [ f2 Q0 m8 B9 a9 _0 l( a3 \責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 ; n: x3 V4 n8 T
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges 4 P6 b5 C, j# c9 V" j
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
8 Q3 K. S8 l8 iSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
) q. w. P" J% _負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
5 }. t2 b; S, `/ M+ DWestern Association of Schools and Colleges$ F' H/ V$ N% Y. o
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 - T$ M; p7 _9 s' b
教育單位認證機構:
: k) d6 K$ [1 {& |: nAccrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
( @: b2 x( ^. m" W7 U) @( ^5 aAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council 5 P0 y3 L0 a1 K$ V: d' I
教育單位認證與計畫認證
/ a0 A, t; d' A' h除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: P$ E1 I* t4 {% C4 k& O
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies ( y4 e/ d4 a! ^ b3 p8 \
Program V4 }; z, Z, [6 \, a& L1 I% f
Accrediting Agency
! H" L& J9 p$ g! d, eAcupuncture
- D3 j7 ^5 A. s7 y0 fNational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine ( B( ?3 o, K4 T2 o% W( X: M& J& ~
Allied Health7 K, F. h0 e7 E% M
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs3 a- y! d4 u7 A% |. `
Architecture
6 g! X* |/ L" f3 d SNational Architectural Accrediting Board3 _ A- h; g; R! S9 m) Q
Art and Design. D- `0 V( d4 R8 |
National Association of Schools of Art and Design
# ]6 \$ J1 ~. @' W/ c7 O- MBusiness 0 G) ~4 w: a* I; E: u5 ]; v1 V
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs + {# ?& n. E: z% {4 Q: |
Chiropractic
1 ~7 f" J" ]! Q0 F; FThe Council on Chiropractic Education0 @; p9 L4 D% H3 W# V4 J
Dance % t+ k" V: Q+ E; \: T% S
National Association of Schools of Dance . `, H" o8 P) [! H# ^% ?' O; ^
Dentistry ! m# x0 Q, D. ]! M g. T; e
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
1 Y9 x+ \# b5 g' Z' i4 v6 a$ w2 V" {) sEducation/ N( z& ?2 i4 k w
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
! C; g4 [4 q5 b1 t3 `; rEngineering
& x. }' Y8 j! VAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.+ j7 d9 {9 v# {" T& ?2 Z5 g
Environment
6 H" ~4 a( t) q5 T# w3 xNational Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
$ w7 f) R% [8 u4 U8 ?7 [% K1 ^Health Services Administration
0 K J/ \+ R/ ]* I% HAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
4 R, ?: e1 {% Z* C- D1 pInterior Design
5 B( q) N$ L( O- m# EFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
( o, e' ]6 K) Q' p& s9 eJournalism and Mass Communications K4 M. F! Z4 F0 o. v( ~; \
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications! o3 }! u( h% q5 N+ ?
Law
* Y( L% x* m" w3 n' z* yAmerican Bar Association
8 C4 O" F! c2 c& N7 ~& i1 WMarriage and Family Therapy ; W6 @) Y8 n+ l Q
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
" E8 i5 p9 ^4 n X# J! ~' J: F4 wMedicine
- f7 ?5 t+ k. gLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
: S; S% K- ]9 c0 I2 K9 ~Music
7 ]3 M2 W- R& c. |) JNational Association of Schools of Music
+ l. a5 |4 c/ g, M, ]& ZNaturopathic Medicine) ^) A) d" M: O
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education6 p) ?$ Y: o) ^! s+ V
Nurse Anesthesia
7 _$ g) Q% p+ ^2 p9 ECouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
8 G: z* d- P5 Y. ~8 @Nurse Midwifery/ b) j% y% T8 f9 D# D5 F5 A
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives' E) \6 U. M$ x7 ^5 b6 n; N" Z8 ~
Nursing & o& g9 E) z# @
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.+ c6 ?$ p0 g& Y" j) s
Occupational Therapy- v7 U; j8 X2 b4 g5 p5 J, E
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
+ z+ w; L* v6 ^$ w' _. t9 ]Optometry
. n) w+ y6 U# g" q- V* fCouncil on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
* u' U& k: |8 Y; F" Y8 E7 m2 Y0 NOsteopathic Medicine+ E0 M( O0 g8 u; H# [
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association( C2 c& d* Z6 U, L. z) d
Pharmacy $ K" X( G" X9 V6 h" ^$ ~
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
. U1 |! Z( ^8 A6 a! l( PPhysical Therapy6 l8 n Q3 P/ s7 m" }# B$ L% B& G
American Physical Therapy Association
; R! {5 H/ a/ r* VPodiatric Medicine
, }7 Y1 m, ^4 e/ V+ e" H% B) {Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association: Y P8 v% | U! } H
Psychology
# P- p7 X3 \% x5 p8 S; B8 ~1 `Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association+ l' n2 C$ ]+ l+ H, D, M) a
Public Health8 r6 l% s$ O( w
Council on Education for Public Health
+ \! m1 [* ?* `3 M6 h8 i, I" WRabbinical and Talmudic Education% F: m7 ]5 D+ L* t3 z3 v. O ~1 s
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools9 e ~4 }7 M/ H% @/ J1 J7 @
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
6 E# i# @3 b mAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association I- O3 N6 r v* ]3 G# l C8 E: [
Theater2 ?( W* i* e! B5 @) b3 M! @
National Association of Schools of Theatre
N# c* m: t5 m$ i+ {9 XTheology ; ~4 H5 Y& d2 x9 B- e
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada+ H; r0 \ u6 n
Veterinary Medicine4 U, R% w6 e4 s$ ^4 a% e, }4 `2 r
American Veterinary Medicine Association |