美國學校評審制度$ s7 ? o7 R( E6 h, O$ t9 Y
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 % E( `7 e4 V- l( Y/ l
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 ) M( b6 @. o" j9 S
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
+ B) ^ H; \8 M& d現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。 # g8 [1 F @& w* U
美國學校如何評審6 Y5 f3 O% ? m* M
在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 & @1 M2 ~& O5 A% M8 P/ \: ]7 q7 i
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: 7 }! Q8 ^. g6 P
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
9 V/ a& @$ D. H: B5 f( w5 O2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; # A" Z( q4 ~9 ]6 ^2 d/ k* V
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 / q- t9 T, ]- W! o
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 1 r9 n, u; X0 U/ f9 p1 S, k C2 l
六個區域認證機構
! ]* d. J1 N+ j, @- |美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: $ o/ ~8 h: r& ^. x5 n9 j
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
1 I1 [/ {! F" y7 Z7 a1 @New England Association of Schools and Colleges
9 V0 n7 ?7 U) a; j K: bNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
; O9 [0 v! P% G, eNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
$ Y: c( q0 G8 z+ A& s) kSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
8 i) J3 ^+ c$ @1 L/ eWestern Association of Schools and Colleges.
- ~8 e1 u$ R" o6 ^3 K t9 J* \. S每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
% o! K9 W+ Q* w& b) F! `% FMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
7 D& b2 Q7 u8 l# F) f$ w3 }" c負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
0 n x7 |' |6 ^* D3 j9 A4 JNew England Association of Schools and Colleges
/ X4 V2 G& B, V0 p- ~該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
8 U- Z- ^: T, ~# @9 b% |$ NNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
: B' G3 A/ T. y' O) L9 X7 c責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 1 s. a8 M8 H& d
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges * z/ x8 d+ w& c6 p/ g
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
- k2 I7 U i! W9 l( x. LSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools
7 u7 ^! p1 A( H7 }$ Z( E) n負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
3 ?1 Y' \7 q5 V0 gWestern Association of Schools and Colleges1 u& Z: S5 l( D( O! P" b
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 ' K+ V6 J) w6 ]4 p1 o
教育單位認證機構: # S: t5 w4 ]4 M; d, B( F$ p5 n0 f3 K$ x
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); # R, }8 C( s2 }; q1 l0 f, V
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council 5 h. T! E L; O0 b
教育單位認證與計畫認證
! i( j! n" i ^( x除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: 8 P4 {6 d" }" L+ t# b4 b1 t
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies : d y, @, _9 v, A m* E) f; [# r
Program
8 l/ `" A9 }) z$ F/ oAccrediting Agency
. J' D" ~3 R; V8 t* u, v4 z! g( g- Q9 aAcupuncture% ?$ [) O7 u P2 I8 \/ A( x* Z
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
3 [5 ^2 d; G' W6 QAllied Health
! q: }3 p+ Y# ^3 L) v5 JCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs& K# Y- x O& L0 v
Architecture : L- r0 [2 a' K, w: |0 Q" @( @
National Architectural Accrediting Board
4 n7 }! T+ L8 Z! q! [/ V/ wArt and Design
/ g- q3 s3 \$ R; e# Z/ g# @National Association of Schools of Art and Design * X* y9 C0 Q6 M* z6 `
Business
3 ]9 A( K! f3 M q2 NAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs ' n6 A. M N" O; q
Chiropractic
! a" A0 Z0 P' B: U, L1 DThe Council on Chiropractic Education; ?1 `+ k5 o0 ]+ g( N6 _+ l( ~/ B
Dance
5 G# A9 ^# m* w& B3 aNational Association of Schools of Dance
6 W& {6 n; z2 m# s" H! D ~Dentistry ' u2 ]+ J5 R+ {( s( o2 M
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association
2 b9 U" ?- B& K2 k+ x$ Q* sEducation
+ i) N# z* m4 H+ aNational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
: q9 N2 S8 D+ ~- d- J4 DEngineering( \- H% ? ~9 t1 s: `$ d) L, c
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.- ]7 U6 x' E9 K# I: V$ E/ Q/ o
Environment . ?3 [9 W! D6 ]* W) c% c' c, Z
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
6 ~6 V& l. |. b) {7 v& q& sHealth Services Administration
0 {( P# B( G2 [9 WAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration7 P3 O( k: F2 k/ s- w
Interior Design; a; g5 n5 J7 w2 n* ]' @
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research1 }$ Y+ s. X( t4 d+ W: I6 w5 ^% p
Journalism and Mass Communications
: z7 h& U A% a# n3 \Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
9 ~ J K8 g* {Law . o0 k4 u7 m" u
American Bar Association # T% X, M; U& q/ T( ]7 c! K0 A1 ]
Marriage and Family Therapy
l- {2 o5 W P3 }# |& ?4 Y0 YAmerican Association for Marriage and Family Therapy: L9 f, P0 Z) \4 w
Medicine
0 v6 Y, {+ D% Q. MLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association* v3 D" m1 o/ _& h- {: a5 L
Music
$ @ C, \9 }: l- d+ `# |0 L, ?National Association of Schools of Music/ }9 [2 E" P# {! I0 v9 r2 R0 b
Naturopathic Medicine3 l, m$ ]! K2 j3 \5 }& a
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education& T1 _. W9 Q4 f, k6 X$ l
Nurse Anesthesia$ e8 C0 S) d7 O
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
- x f& Y( D) ~& n9 tNurse Midwifery
- d% a: @# S2 r( ADivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
: Q' u: J7 _0 ^ jNursing ' f5 x0 I: z' x4 W9 @
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.- v, [1 d# a: K e) u
Occupational Therapy6 H5 J1 }9 Q1 F, I1 r9 H
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
- C+ N2 g- l# ^& POptometry
& q. K$ K# D4 [9 X5 ?) ECouncil on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association6 o- e1 Z2 r) Y
Osteopathic Medicine& o4 |# N, R% ^/ R9 J
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association& a9 K$ [. }+ V0 a: |( R
Pharmacy
+ Y6 y& p. P pAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education: t1 A% M6 j5 a% \, g' w
Physical Therapy
+ k5 j/ z$ W+ W6 B% J |; sAmerican Physical Therapy Association- L, J- H) ?! ]. u: K9 A; F
Podiatric Medicine
+ i) F' {9 i) ?( n4 BCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
) M1 } S' K3 yPsychology
' f- F: c( C& B% i4 y" pProgram Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association
: d; X5 ?' @ C% R) n. LPublic Health
. i' n" S P6 l* G! ?- MCouncil on Education for Public Health
* J' c* K+ Z, Z& B( RRabbinical and Talmudic Education
, K% ~% U; i) e% J- Q5 R' @* O* ?" o7 SAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools5 b. g& H% i2 N$ N% ^
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology8 r/ ^4 G9 ^" z8 j, E# B2 H
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
4 r# F' Q# J4 s6 _( V6 s! DTheater) o3 X- j, _5 x; A" K; t
National Association of Schools of Theatre
# y8 K6 X( J0 K9 M( BTheology
. V" f, l& f `Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada8 n. B P. V7 r" n& K, @
Veterinary Medicine
6 Y0 M. G3 j6 A3 G/ u; N' `9 Y* t$ \% |American Veterinary Medicine Association |