美國學校評審制度
% Q. C% o' v) p; n. c5 E留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 7 R! J4 l2 l6 G& v, a; \! a1 Z7 D
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 ( A2 B( `) @" d2 x$ K! J( m
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 5 A( [) }4 r4 L7 ]8 I" g
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。 0 c- I7 S2 W3 F& I
美國學校如何評審
, X$ b* ?. \- E3 j( J2 i在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 / r& F4 T3 r% }9 I; w0 u' U2 t
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
+ F2 I; @$ `- v( d! o: W1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
' P- L- ]/ X: G, I* p c2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
. ^8 g& q+ ]/ T$ Y: x3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
5 I! z4 f( Y+ u; L5 C在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 8 G4 N# D. y# v6 Y6 S7 \ w* [; `% D& t
六個區域認證機構3 \+ f" e! d( e, {2 z) Z" v
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
3 P9 Q( x" L; J n% G4 G5 dMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
6 A$ L5 p4 g! u1 ~" `New England Association of Schools and Colleges 3 v4 ?, c. G1 k' B
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools 1 F0 Z6 z/ l! M; M Q) y/ d* l
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
; V! K: L5 e% _$ Q! \# P5 ^Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
2 r6 b( \0 s/ v7 oWestern Association of Schools and Colleges. $ m# n5 C: q& y+ E' e/ m" d
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 " j- h W5 _& A# B
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools ) Z2 F1 g, |" B1 l
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
0 z) N# v, r* {+ |; ZNew England Association of Schools and Colleges ' `% Y) H) U! |# d+ K
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 , W# u7 `( t `# [! J
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
' G+ ]9 W Q5 U0 e4 ?# [責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
9 A7 E0 c( R" R9 Q1 y2 b6 @Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
2 Q `9 P7 a# {4 o, \負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
8 J0 v/ T" i+ [9 GSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools * A: q1 L8 _! g8 P( ?+ M/ O' N
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。 J, h, s; Q D1 u, G& `. E2 e
Western Association of Schools and Colleges
6 C1 M+ R* h1 Q) S負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
+ I% A f1 h7 U! [教育單位認證機構:
; s; c0 @, @5 _2 A5 b4 a! OAccrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
: \& c1 ^. r ~. oAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
# W9 u8 h6 ?& @: G! E9 {教育單位認證與計畫認證 @. Y" P; S# m* w# e* L9 _4 S
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: # H: Y& i( W- @2 r' m" ~
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies 4 s7 L, S% P/ c W( K: S& n. v+ B
Program' C- t. G# e! o# _4 E
Accrediting Agency . {# q* c* N# u: x0 P1 n5 {1 I0 }
Acupuncture# B8 J9 z2 j6 n& }9 W1 s
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine ! |8 |* W5 o8 N# Q% y" l
Allied Health
1 c( t% E1 @1 E8 X6 X2 t7 W% RCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
! Y7 E* v& K% F5 f2 AArchitecture 9 w4 r6 C0 `0 k. ^( Q0 s. l" t1 u, ~
National Architectural Accrediting Board
+ E, s" e6 L7 _3 m9 ZArt and Design
% d$ G9 t2 f: j# i' f9 B9 xNational Association of Schools of Art and Design
' O) N$ X- W5 Q2 V1 QBusiness
9 l/ i& Q/ G ^; O2 H' |1 VAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
/ U6 C0 h7 Z9 h8 `( | A& NChiropractic
" W8 `9 Q# W: h+ F. z4 sThe Council on Chiropractic Education
; ?$ @& s/ m6 l3 O( @* ~Dance 9 x% O' l" l! I, d4 k, q
National Association of Schools of Dance
- x, z" P( s* _! X6 tDentistry / b- }& P5 {1 {3 Z& D5 Q1 V
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association' f6 |5 c' g7 a6 ]% i
Education
5 D, \& j% ^( `% {! w/ H5 G+ zNational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
I8 ^* G; t& T7 `Engineering1 e! [1 P# Y# z `
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.- t1 J7 ~; u5 Y g9 ~
Environment 5 Z/ n+ W& B1 u) r% t
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation2 u5 W. l* R1 z
Health Services Administration
" d$ d8 P% h, G" i) KAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
- G; W& D% v0 {+ G7 KInterior Design& W& b/ E( G8 d9 A% A% c! F
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research
% C; @! I" b* r" E* i4 p" EJournalism and Mass Communications+ l1 F1 ^2 Y" N Q6 _0 R
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications6 `8 E; u# I& P# \ w6 `
Law ) h9 D1 R+ i2 d: K* h$ X
American Bar Association
3 T' @' y) M. U! D4 W# TMarriage and Family Therapy 9 Q' ~7 W0 T8 Y! l2 m
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
) G1 ?( J% C& m1 z N" K- zMedicine; f; E) k$ q: T; v% R
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association5 J: ?0 h9 G/ z6 b, c
Music
4 }) R4 n: J/ g5 Y* x- dNational Association of Schools of Music/ v1 v* N- ~7 }! ?7 L$ K
Naturopathic Medicine
/ Z% R: h" [( E$ F% nCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education& D9 E0 R; c: V& N+ B, V
Nurse Anesthesia. h# Y( [, @9 c& [( j+ G
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs. b' Z. V( @$ \$ O# M d& K
Nurse Midwifery
$ A+ g( h* V- S- J$ }/ w9 {Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
7 m0 l, P" y( K7 x3 V& W, GNursing
; X, C, p y7 T: t: Z# t& N7 r3 I& TAccreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.
/ e) Y. d ~& ^6 r3 [6 tOccupational Therapy+ \+ f6 @+ j7 U2 n% t H! ?
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
7 r1 d/ G. m# }* f1 G! cOptometry/ J5 _. @4 ~+ [3 e# c- ^ S1 Y
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
3 G' }8 J ^' @& m1 Z' o. L. WOsteopathic Medicine
8 {, {, a0 Q5 }Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association
( q6 A; |4 R9 T# B2 w, rPharmacy
) |" Q2 s" y: G/ BAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education
. f. n( Z3 l7 c8 E, ]/ G9 KPhysical Therapy
: N+ p) R4 F3 D6 kAmerican Physical Therapy Association! t" E7 M# J R$ @6 d
Podiatric Medicine' j2 m( G9 r4 v( d0 ]+ G
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association( p$ T$ g+ G! \6 x
Psychology - R, W6 m5 } L5 J- Y+ Z: i$ {
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association/ d1 p w9 {' J+ O! R: ~
Public Health- J. T4 i# T- d- J7 v0 @
Council on Education for Public Health
1 X2 L& k( @: p& W/ hRabbinical and Talmudic Education
: G0 f$ Q* y# N$ M6 d! n9 VAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
0 ^/ s5 v& F0 I" S7 E2 vSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology
% b- M+ ~' d" c0 f% u' FAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association# U9 P# U) |2 |! p
Theater
: l7 e8 U' {. Z( b3 U# n' W5 ENational Association of Schools of Theatre
: S' c$ o) J9 J4 |6 Q* r: n9 HTheology e# F. o9 ~' @+ j/ v3 u
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada- z0 L* W# R# i M% q6 Z
Veterinary Medicine. z! E% C+ b' A
American Veterinary Medicine Association |