美國學校評審制度2 W( j1 |. X9 a# W
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 1 i+ ?+ w! d( O4 ^3 i* _
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 * @# i1 T2 n8 x5 Q, n8 F L# y
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
@! K% v6 K1 n% D! u5 l現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
$ [$ e$ G6 w* }: f$ g& U1 T美國學校如何評審
' G9 i/ _9 l( }8 o0 ^2 b( V: \在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
# t% U# a3 l( @* K( E4 t4 z- z評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: # ^5 k$ c/ J6 j5 T0 h$ ~
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
$ E4 S4 z* n+ ]2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
# v1 l% V6 J) b u6 [3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。
4 V+ D; Z/ x1 e, G' F, G6 E在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 0 X* }3 e3 M) j3 |0 y( D& `
六個區域認證機構/ m3 b9 Y. F2 e6 @, l3 D5 {( l
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是: . t* [- S4 e# ~$ k. I/ h# B
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
6 U$ S& ~4 ^4 w; y0 |! {New England Association of Schools and Colleges
8 i5 L6 `, i1 K0 q6 x& \, f: JNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
. f6 I2 q: \, i2 D* B* y) FNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges 4 R+ M( O1 h) V8 ^& w+ e) f( Z
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
: T7 N7 b: P5 N3 N, KWestern Association of Schools and Colleges. 1 k0 L% g; o' h) U6 a0 G0 i
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
. M* }/ y/ j9 s4 {# ]- QMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools $ C7 R$ {2 |) p2 q$ z
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
1 Z% G% {" c2 e9 S2 u8 _& u! SNew England Association of Schools and Colleges : B. r$ [' U; l; v" m% I) V, Q
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
- n2 H+ N1 L1 O6 b9 F1 ?) K2 nNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
/ ~! c9 H$ k. }& m) H責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
- S6 A9 ?6 L' p6 y" s E& BNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
, d& X4 C1 z' ^: o3 A; f9 W負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。
$ H& M S3 G( V& r, aSouthern Association of Colleges and Schools . R" c/ z6 _2 S' X% w
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
9 @1 E; E% X) R) a2 ~ vWestern Association of Schools and Colleges
, J" Q* E5 s8 x6 O) H0 z+ d( S' m負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
/ h9 q" V+ e: s5 w教育單位認證機構: 5 u9 W2 }, e0 h$ L+ M8 s2 f
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET); $ z& R6 W% f. H7 Y6 T: r( v
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council
5 ]2 X m6 H7 G0 o% i教育單位認證與計畫認證
! J& {' C( \( l' u# O- V除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: 9 p6 k1 L& q, v, W
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies . ^( D# ^& A4 c# Q. R( k/ ~
Program
3 l4 [. ?( A _& O# l5 vAccrediting Agency " b; E0 {+ V# T8 @2 e$ F5 n
Acupuncture
& \6 j9 F9 E3 u' G+ ONational Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
$ L( p0 L7 V( W1 `Allied Health
8 _/ f; J5 a7 m. m, \7 b% UCommission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs% C% g, D' ?% Y
Architecture 5 k, l8 f: b; ~" p
National Architectural Accrediting Board0 ?+ _2 o5 ?- y B! L& N* H2 ?. X
Art and Design
$ z4 O1 [" h# V* W( ~National Association of Schools of Art and Design
6 w/ Q9 u) i% Q! W+ j1 uBusiness
, {( o1 y; p2 d# D/ v4 ]0 xAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs z& @7 F3 I8 H8 s; S
Chiropractic
! i7 _( f F! n6 ~* MThe Council on Chiropractic Education+ [# `. K1 u7 R5 x1 J& z6 A+ q7 B& `
Dance
) t& J7 v( B( ~' y8 w( A4 uNational Association of Schools of Dance - j. }" f8 }$ j% Y; D, x
Dentistry
3 K; v* b) X* P: D, C6 ~ O6 F# x$ jCommission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association0 f; Y" Y; @2 m4 ?3 [
Education
" S- g9 u0 `. p; kNational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education/ }7 b8 H# a4 `6 O/ N" O( O( g& T# f
Engineering
1 p4 e! ]; @3 F G: H' O" i0 xAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
4 F: t6 v' k5 {Environment 5 N' F B+ n$ s
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
! {6 u: ^% O, O+ N2 WHealth Services Administration
4 y+ Y4 N; S8 l% G, X& t8 NAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration! j7 V3 A5 n1 N7 o: j/ K* ]4 S
Interior Design
" M$ f' n. }! QFoundation for Interior Design Education Research
9 H) N$ U& X, S$ e, N3 O' V7 YJournalism and Mass Communications
5 ?: a& S/ E: W# _& b CAccrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications- `2 |; c. D+ ~& E$ L) [
Law
" M2 n# p3 G+ w- Y" [. M+ uAmerican Bar Association ; q& H. y$ p7 Y/ Z: @
Marriage and Family Therapy 6 o- q) m. a$ p1 l4 y, J9 v/ r
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy9 T+ E' w, W8 F6 a9 X- W& e
Medicine @0 v7 @/ ?+ g G$ R# F
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association4 l" I0 J2 M5 e* {
Music
* O% N) ^4 Z4 @+ jNational Association of Schools of Music
7 y8 L: t" j$ U; y5 iNaturopathic Medicine" {/ N2 w/ U/ n4 s+ l( l
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education2 M. p( ]* P( K
Nurse Anesthesia
+ H: T2 [8 b# R8 b O) f- iCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs& I2 \5 G: M/ d
Nurse Midwifery
6 e+ o l* s1 b! ^# lDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives$ x6 `) ?- t; ^7 p+ M
Nursing 8 L6 Y& O$ I }- e, ~7 F
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.* \8 _. z6 b# t+ E1 X7 D3 B( B6 V
Occupational Therapy
7 p% T; N+ D" H: A8 IAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association$ o) d$ k6 R+ P: G! [
Optometry
, k: ?# T2 ?0 ]Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
1 ?% T& c6 Z7 G0 [5 X ?9 SOsteopathic Medicine* q8 F- v& W1 U5 M# e4 Z- M( g. p7 N9 ^
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association+ W/ K6 q) _- G* q: n+ N8 o& ~
Pharmacy 2 k% A" n: ]! s! \) Q
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
3 U7 _% v* c: Y/ n1 z7 hPhysical Therapy8 v& d W; s: Z. ~( f
American Physical Therapy Association
) W F: Q: W& U4 O2 Y& ?Podiatric Medicine, n5 N) \" \1 s, r# z' T
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association$ }" I3 G' z" ]3 [% s
Psychology 0 y/ r1 g- n& H0 w. D- ]% ]! I
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association, ]- V$ c2 F V2 \2 b
Public Health: ^4 C; X6 [" @3 n4 a! {
Council on Education for Public Health5 K* c2 K* T5 R7 I
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education/ v# ^! q( c! {. W- g
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
# y7 H* k1 _* m! x+ Y: Q: rSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology8 g. K% v( A9 ]& x( e# x
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association- `! y' p- B; o! O H5 Z
Theater
. l0 K: z4 F$ z9 M0 w" S* [. m; u; d) kNational Association of Schools of Theatre% q% D8 t, y; x8 @. w
Theology . J4 M8 ?. `4 I" n2 h R1 q
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
- w8 |* y" G/ J6 j9 w. S& qVeterinary Medicine- `# F9 `1 G3 [+ Y
American Veterinary Medicine Association |