美國學校評審制度
/ R! ~* _. G" l1 \留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。
$ Q& T0 R+ r; @" D+ Z+ q! ~2 U當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
& Q6 \0 J7 }$ ?0 c' O辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。
5 T$ e1 B1 V8 G7 l& l U! h現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
' p* P! _' g9 Z% B美國學校如何評審) i5 z: X t. e
在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 ( |& [* m& Q4 y( x7 E
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: : z9 P! h) z. e5 M. X+ p7 r8 J7 p
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
$ R# w. h( p' i2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
- W% t- k- j# P7 ?3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 3 M$ D z L) q* N
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 " T) K/ @/ W, z0 ?. S
六個區域認證機構- j7 P9 F |" T$ b) Y) M
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
1 K: A. a: b0 `: TMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
# s: ^& m5 b) m8 fNew England Association of Schools and Colleges 4 @5 O) u$ ?; M: t8 }
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
* y& Y, i* E( ^: A# [% @( VNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges 0 b) @. ~. Q% Y/ {% z5 ~; S0 W
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools & a( Z0 S8 o& a, I4 u8 o% l+ X8 n
Western Association of Schools and Colleges. o! M) v( T: l8 {0 `( k: `
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。 " B& | O0 t. T3 w- G
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools 9 W) e- v+ _+ w' ?4 l2 P9 ]
負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 - F1 u2 x# O! t9 D% l! F& ?5 d0 c
New England Association of Schools and Colleges 9 X2 H+ K& y: w4 x% a
該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 , y4 K. \' ~: U+ v' F9 z
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools ' s F2 }* a6 u$ p1 _8 M8 S5 l8 o& c1 K
責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。
! q& g) @) H; H* ~! Q1 rNorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges 1 [, o) I+ W1 S' L5 w
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 3 g3 B' Y" |; C
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
4 z2 x( o6 A& l+ p負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
% w! J Y7 Y" A: AWestern Association of Schools and Colleges" X) V/ P1 r1 V' T; B0 k
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 : e4 K* N: v4 Y6 V3 R; ?
教育單位認證機構:
1 S" S. l+ S( |) w0 TAccrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
' N" n: ?! t( J @Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council N/ G3 s3 V( @1 ~
教育單位認證與計畫認證
0 X6 x4 k2 d# G& J3 B+ u7 p除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: * ^! X9 D: J, X2 C9 D6 n" [ t* D, R! F
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies 6 a. l7 j0 f1 a+ X3 {" r$ v
Program
& H- _) {- B9 [* ]( r( Z$ c I9 P; NAccrediting Agency ! x- X f0 R1 f4 F* {
Acupuncture
2 Y% z" d: r: b/ q" e5 j7 e7 ^. C) x% ?National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
9 \ Y3 G; [9 z6 I+ DAllied Health/ g4 B- P* |6 z- \7 c, N' D) }# C
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs1 ~ l2 x2 t* ?; A! |2 S( {% D6 r
Architecture
* f$ S# ~, H6 N+ H4 M! Y9 j* c: x9 _National Architectural Accrediting Board
. i0 o+ M0 _. b* Y! M ZArt and Design
~ H) v3 R% a8 l7 f. _+ RNational Association of Schools of Art and Design % t5 H# F) K: }! X# H# R
Business ( [* c0 x* U0 J& w' n1 h5 _
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
( b. G( u, Q; t6 \/ `1 [6 zChiropractic
" N3 L g H: m7 N* m- MThe Council on Chiropractic Education
" i9 d1 { U8 H) z: VDance
( U% e- m/ A* lNational Association of Schools of Dance $ {" s" d. N1 x8 J: }2 O- F
Dentistry : E, \0 D, c% n1 z0 F
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association. d6 v; e5 r+ j$ ~
Education+ N- D! x3 N/ Q+ j
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education$ _2 K2 l. \3 y4 C! [
Engineering3 J% o7 t- G5 }4 s+ o) q/ O& i
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.! b) o; K1 H& D- I
Environment 2 \0 R: |7 ~* e3 M4 o1 U# y
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
5 u% S, p/ r- w- h4 m* S: q6 OHealth Services Administration
7 q/ q* U8 d t. y/ U* g# C8 q4 e' M& IAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
, ~4 `/ V) N' {9 H+ G0 oInterior Design7 p$ S8 j! W7 T# r3 S; M B1 V2 G
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research1 o) j; S1 x, Y0 h
Journalism and Mass Communications
1 T$ O9 g1 k2 [/ W2 m+ s) ], o) x% A, \Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
3 X9 ~$ W8 e- h: E$ [0 a/ jLaw
6 A Y; [! J8 j# eAmerican Bar Association 7 I3 t8 {% D3 ?# _ q3 N. Y- w
Marriage and Family Therapy ) ?6 w+ g+ S2 Z7 U' l% a8 X2 I
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy- W/ Q ~( M2 Y$ [
Medicine
) S: H7 l0 @, E" cLiaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
, t5 n/ m5 w2 E! p. ]Music
$ I# |( E: }) c) n+ u2 ^National Association of Schools of Music$ l7 S) w: F0 Y. j$ t( {( ^+ u! s, I1 Z
Naturopathic Medicine" [8 Y Y9 Y6 F8 x3 X
Council on Naturopathic Medical Education( }) v, k- j; \/ n/ Q# V
Nurse Anesthesia
5 } W4 g D1 y7 ~1 v( VCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs
- u) w& ^0 ?6 ~/ MNurse Midwifery) ~( P/ m9 w3 P j# b
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
* D% a5 U' r( Q0 q3 [2 M( lNursing
- u; I9 g$ `+ j8 \Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.
1 x9 W, k' M' U4 K8 jOccupational Therapy
) _. F, ]6 E1 b! A/ C( cAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
- s! p' J# y6 ^Optometry+ D- A1 `9 g9 j1 H! e! [- E
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association
* a# k. x: r7 C) O9 r: \Osteopathic Medicine
+ Q& k4 m: L2 i X* t& i1 X" bDepartment of Education, American Osteopathic Association
( ]& i2 p* m! B+ N. R m$ bPharmacy
' B. ~# l6 z {' s& RAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical Education
: R7 E% q9 P: a( B4 H( e5 dPhysical Therapy
$ m& G: w3 b- K3 @( ?4 f3 lAmerican Physical Therapy Association8 L3 n1 c- B; }8 r+ W, b
Podiatric Medicine
& Q% H/ m4 a# W4 x5 hCouncil on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association
! R! n A$ h0 p% E8 MPsychology
( k6 x$ ]$ O" {7 v8 b7 dProgram Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association5 o% f8 _$ ]& _1 h
Public Health
+ f5 e3 M* w- @+ U4 ?# v' SCouncil on Education for Public Health
# ]( A1 r$ E$ h( `- \Rabbinical and Talmudic Education
6 A Q! g4 |/ j) _: H0 aAssociation of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools2 Y; \" f7 _# M+ \
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology) m# U5 k! E. {7 {9 P
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association7 X3 L9 Z$ v% h- r' t% j9 Z9 P6 c
Theater
3 b* Y, i2 e! `/ UNational Association of Schools of Theatre
w1 ?; f6 G4 v/ y# V2 K' vTheology 9 m0 g R2 s# q
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
$ x0 E2 E2 B9 d3 ?9 yVeterinary Medicine
4 T8 ?+ l! Q: a5 ^5 P+ aAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |