美國學校評審制度0 f8 {/ A! x, a9 E8 Q' b
留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 4 L: s: \, b4 i' q3 Q& V3 k
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。
& K9 ?+ p/ B; X辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 - [3 | G+ O, m8 a/ T V2 r# D
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
+ i" J( C+ ^' a6 g$ k美國學校如何評審
" g* d( U: V" z& z: s* l! T( g7 x在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。
2 z5 _; l" X8 \- `& U t9 F評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟: 9 x: Q% M6 ^5 F5 C8 e4 G
1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
0 |' z% F4 v! R2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告;
+ d; l8 A: P: r( t. e y3 w8 x2 @; C/ N3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 % x! S7 g: n4 U5 m: b. Y# {
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 5 X1 h- ~0 z' t$ F0 m
六個區域認證機構# m& A2 c6 ~7 h# d
美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
# J9 u- C7 ~# U5 r7 B. aMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
4 P1 m3 Y/ a/ u$ VNew England Association of Schools and Colleges ! t. ~& V& l: a( t j# G" I4 R
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
5 C- n+ y# W: e5 N! ?; n- j! INorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges ; d! Y1 s- w, d( @) J) F- S
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools % e9 G) Y, O0 q; \" I, {4 e. A
Western Association of Schools and Colleges. 9 D6 o1 u( h0 }; v+ `
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
' U) _+ u- X# o$ D: _; [2 oMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
3 M" N" a, ~* t; h% [負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島 ( P2 y$ x0 Y1 X
New England Association of Schools and Colleges
1 l/ o7 k3 v7 ]- f! m+ G$ I該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。
1 A, N n* q4 h6 YNorth Central Association of Colleges and Schools
7 I d. R: n7 R. l5 c5 }責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 . L$ N% ~7 N/ g0 V6 U
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges 2 u% q6 B: d) _1 f- D
負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 : g: Y0 s& o: W' [8 B
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools & u! |' w" v8 I3 {# l% y( ^
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
$ [, \5 f- ?6 b7 A7 G2 H! UWestern Association of Schools and Colleges( y, E6 t/ \ {6 J8 p9 \
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。 2 {* O2 o Y3 \5 |1 F8 W3 m+ M& e
教育單位認證機構: " z: ~6 Y Y4 {3 ~4 ]5 q) p
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
6 s. ?1 C7 A. k0 W/ F# ^Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council , s& u; j2 W; o/ k4 R! _. Z7 L J7 F
教育單位認證與計畫認證
7 G& |9 c1 `3 G! x4 O除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況:
8 \( x& N/ ?5 NPrograms and Professional Accrediting Agencies % {# d; M2 }2 t) U( P: f
Program5 Y9 n' ?" Z5 |; W2 h
Accrediting Agency
- ?8 F/ g- `0 m2 C/ dAcupuncture5 M6 p! l" N! k$ P8 Z8 S7 [
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 9 l6 f' D# k* O% Z5 i( j$ c7 X
Allied Health4 S0 F' n! B0 @9 L4 T
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs- \: B0 @* s3 K7 g2 X, U
Architecture 9 F7 M1 y7 D# I3 c" Z
National Architectural Accrediting Board# \5 E3 t, @: S& t4 e3 F( U
Art and Design D; d4 w" m- {2 s6 V
National Association of Schools of Art and Design . x9 S. D1 R. X& u1 G
Business
) _3 I; }; G9 Y4 h5 AAssociation of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
' T; L+ Y0 D- t( y, \7 \5 rChiropractic & q c' ^1 t5 r6 d
The Council on Chiropractic Education3 z" W2 f5 e5 J6 m
Dance
& X7 H$ |3 [4 n- l- _5 }* ?: P8 B1 aNational Association of Schools of Dance
' F2 ]& I! f( ^; }6 }Dentistry 8 p. j9 K$ @) f. t
Commission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association( W, t) F# f; x9 ?" `
Education; y; N* }" z) @ I; D7 k
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
& F2 i- Q" q+ UEngineering1 G0 O! K5 N. C) @$ X* }
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.1 Y2 t' }% E9 ^0 H7 [- m
Environment 5 u1 _6 Z( c! Y$ @5 h4 w1 N
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation
( G# h8 R& B1 qHealth Services Administration
: ?- ?" k Z; p( {1 ?; U+ hAccrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration
L4 A/ Z8 F! T' D4 nInterior Design
) T/ H$ l2 T" r% d& j& TFoundation for Interior Design Education Research0 b0 a5 L/ o0 ]( v& D
Journalism and Mass Communications
- a4 }" h' y9 m) Y; z: N4 z/ mAccrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
+ N: w* v& q7 V' {Law
. k( l1 {- o2 V3 F8 ]5 Y9 UAmerican Bar Association
: O$ n# B5 _7 w, q4 N7 s: VMarriage and Family Therapy 0 c+ c/ L1 ~# T- ]
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
! T4 r7 u7 Z1 ^9 GMedicine2 G: y. [2 v4 j- {; K2 U
Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
) j! D7 y3 I" N: o6 F9 k: f- }$ qMusic # o" [* t7 g( N" e/ a: w
National Association of Schools of Music6 }! x t, W* I9 \
Naturopathic Medicine
: h. k" N$ A; {6 h; o3 M, LCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education
7 q$ L I2 }/ Q) S; c& q: }Nurse Anesthesia
' J" W9 x' W+ ]4 G# sCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs' L, ?' L0 x1 q
Nurse Midwifery
$ a5 j- W# q( nDivision of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives0 F9 `. v0 `4 d: [# B- w
Nursing 3 h/ x. |7 t9 O6 s
Accreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.& b1 {$ T" r, @ r
Occupational Therapy* ?: m% N/ s& l# M
Accreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association" X! O: ^* _5 B$ U# ?/ c; |* b
Optometry2 F( d5 g, h* W1 I$ g2 V0 |3 ?
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association" }( j! _0 |* Q- i
Osteopathic Medicine
, D6 |9 U6 f/ r2 P# s; uDepartment of Education, American Osteopathic Association
# f; W8 C/ P. |( K) LPharmacy 7 a* i1 ~8 P t0 Q* X
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education5 o5 `8 x, K/ U: w9 ^% y" X
Physical Therapy8 \+ c X3 x/ D4 z% _ G5 e: X
American Physical Therapy Association
: [$ M% y2 g" [. m! jPodiatric Medicine$ s8 a2 G# A: B5 C
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association$ z5 P' J% ]% T: ~
Psychology * @1 ~* l6 N3 C2 G
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association
( J* e) T$ I; h' mPublic Health" h4 }: }. D( h( z0 e
Council on Education for Public Health& ~+ r: U$ K( n' k) W1 x) p
Rabbinical and Talmudic Education: \; ]: X7 F( M2 q& V4 P! }
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
) d- m$ t/ x. S8 `4 p0 @9 p* bSpeech-Language Pathology and Audiology. Y" v, @$ j9 S. U6 Z6 g) ^
Academic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association* J6 u- B7 @& l+ e! X
Theater
4 R4 I0 s9 j' ^7 |( ~National Association of Schools of Theatre; B* a2 {$ K7 ] j& u
Theology
9 F0 e9 \3 D8 C$ I1 i4 [. i8 l" @Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada4 T9 R$ B3 F; \, t
Veterinary Medicine
# I: ^2 s7 j/ g$ i W: j8 OAmerican Veterinary Medicine Association |