美國學校評審制度
: h3 s" w3 o9 P7 `% s留美選擇學校,最重要的就是要先考慮這個學校是否被認證。 5 W! @) e+ g/ ^( p/ ^$ f( o3 `0 K
當你念完書想找事做,你的老板會仔細地看你的文憑。畢業於經過認證的學校,這個時候用處就大了,因為許多公司只會考慮聘用經過認證學校的畢業生。 7 f' v0 V2 E/ e
辛苦來美留學,結果念的卻是不被承認的學校,那豈不是太冤枉了。 " ^3 p6 D* }& J! h
現在讓我們一起來看看美國學校的評審制度。
; Y6 C* Y1 K0 }: l美國學校如何評審* h+ b" j7 M& Q2 V4 T5 r
在美國由一些非營利機構負責評審學院與大學及其學術專業課程,這些機構則由聯邦教育部定期審核、監督。雖然有些學校不在乎是否通過評審,不過大部分都希望經由相關機構取得認證。 % i3 l/ Q* J) o" A& F, N
評估一所學校或一項計劃,認證機構通常有下列步驟:
, _ X t# G6 l6 \0 F1) 各校事先準備好的自我評估;
/ l5 g8 O+ u( |6 ^, y: R# s. s1 ]2) 認證機構指定小組審查自我評估,拜訪校園,實地探詢,作成報告; ; ]" e. T; M; Y& u+ `1 s7 N' i9 d
3) 認證機構決定是否通過給予認證。 0 F. {. p; {! l% ^+ K7 x
在認證通過前,某些單位獲得的是「暫時認證」;不過這並不能保證這些單位一定能獲得認證。 ( [% ^4 j! U5 }
六個區域認證機構
. o5 E" D7 I2 @/ f( w美國有六個區域認證機構,它們主要功能在評估教育單位,包括公立和私立大學和學院及其他相關學校. 這六個機構是:
5 ^3 t- Z4 y$ U- GMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
+ M3 f ^3 s$ L9 W9 b3 f t1 eNew England Association of Schools and Colleges 5 y8 P* [" S3 w) x. L) @2 T
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
7 N# f$ I u5 o& INorthwest Association of Schools and Colleges
* P; [& U- M+ w- u1 p; ~Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 7 d; r8 Y$ _6 p! t+ M; Z
Western Association of Schools and Colleges. 8 j1 M: `# q* ^6 R. q
每一認證機構負責該區各州審核工作。
9 e8 z s% I0 h/ z6 N' \# HMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools
! T9 m! P/ S3 F& J" R/ E負責地區包括﹕德拉瓦州、哥倫比亞特區、馬里蘭州、新澤西州、紐約州、賓州、美屬波多黎各及維京群島
6 S8 X5 D! A6 L. qNew England Association of Schools and Colleges
, J9 q4 l6 j# Y8 f' s該區機構負責審核高等教育及職業訓練單位,地區包括康乃狄克州、緬因州、麻薩諸塞州、新罕布夏州、羅德島和佛蒙特州。 % u& U( U( G1 v% N* b0 y
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
( `" `0 } c. u+ v+ T+ A: g+ o1 }責地區包括﹕亞利桑那州、阿肯色州、科羅拉多州、伊利諾州、印地安那州、愛阿華州、堪薩斯州、密西根州、明尼蘇達州、密蘇里州、內布拉斯加州、新墨西哥州、北達科達州、俄亥俄州、奧克拉荷馬州、南達科達州、西維吉尼亞州、威斯康辛州和懷俄明州。 ( T4 G$ @$ E% F# A
Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges
: g1 R) n% a; p% W, u% J8 \ Q負責地區包括﹕阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、肯塔基州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅萊納州、南卡羅萊納州、田納西州、德州和維吉尼亞州。 * H9 K$ h" B# q! X4 k/ F6 _4 }
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools & y" @8 p3 X0 g* i0 o
負責地區包括﹕阿拉斯加州、愛達荷州、蒙大拿州、內華達州、俄勒岡州、猶他州和華盛頓州。
- i. E/ n" m) u0 y: W5 f- g: R' TWestern Association of Schools and Colleges# J, G' p1 |4 I8 s6 a
負責地區包括加州、夏威夷州和美屬薩摩群島、馬里亞納群島、關島。
O1 T7 i+ {( b' P* p教育單位認證機構: # z7 X( s/ K ^, u! `! }
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education & Training (ACCET);
5 w; H9 _0 p4 D9 M5 z, wAccrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS); Distance Education and Training Council * o4 M; }; g/ j- m4 Q. j2 H/ V u
教育單位認證與計畫認證" s7 K$ T6 o; l% w
除上述六個區域認證機構和教育單位認證機構外,還有一些專業認證機構負責審核學術課程;某些教育單位獲得認證,但不保證該單位所有課程都會獲得認證。當你找學校時,最重要的就是學校和課程都要經過認證才行。下面這些機構可以幫你查明認證情況: 0 \' h8 Y+ U6 @0 U
Programs and Professional Accrediting Agencies
- Z0 D$ M) ]& g- P6 UProgram
6 \7 J: F: y9 S5 U$ gAccrediting Agency
: ~0 h" z L# R. aAcupuncture# L) w& S9 |0 W, h8 T% L1 K
National Accreditation Committee for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine & f" J, w. b+ o. L0 C/ c
Allied Health, a9 o1 T0 b7 |1 N8 `: o/ N( V7 C
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs# b$ C5 V) S- M2 [
Architecture
$ i+ x: g/ \+ bNational Architectural Accrediting Board, z& c8 Y! D5 w6 r# k9 f0 k8 h
Art and Design8 g# l9 W5 g5 a% u/ D0 g, \0 @! J
National Association of Schools of Art and Design 4 c- I' F# M% V: H7 G8 w* Z9 i- y. g
Business ! I" s4 O( f& q
Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs
. r3 c |3 p5 G, kChiropractic
h. r/ r( M& l7 JThe Council on Chiropractic Education
/ i0 k7 {$ F# }6 {2 f; l# Z: j( i$ _Dance / s: o+ a8 P9 |! w0 e0 }+ Y
National Association of Schools of Dance
/ @/ f% z( F3 N2 q7 s6 IDentistry
8 t4 t" D: L+ G8 w, u9 [9 LCommission on Dental Accreditation, American Dental Association* s4 ]# b1 E$ k. Z
Education
" v" m! @. B/ Q3 Z/ A# o8 DNational Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
! R& O7 g, ~) o* ^9 XEngineering3 l3 R/ `) |- B2 @! v4 x y
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.# N# T+ G7 Z4 J: [5 }/ ^
Environment / j3 {2 p* y: I! M1 j
National Environmental Health Science and Protection Accreditation9 a% \) O" ^4 L. j! @7 H1 S
Health Services Administration/ a; V* I' n; q; j. W: u
Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration P; A X- a3 u8 l( i" P4 u
Interior Design3 F& @! L' ~2 ]# ?4 j0 r8 B
Foundation for Interior Design Education Research
# T% ^. v; X3 F) W5 o0 o* eJournalism and Mass Communications
" \. W! F/ V) T, NAccrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications/ l1 Q( l5 s, z3 @$ U
Law - T5 z& x3 z( n* E6 f6 s+ R
American Bar Association
" l: G V& d' J! y1 pMarriage and Family Therapy - x. X2 f- J/ a: o) _
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
7 V X. }( m8 f+ o% D: a H5 GMedicine
+ x6 q5 T( F0 @ ~Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association
- n. k" t5 {. D; ?6 f. D6 A% q# nMusic 6 l# e2 ?1 y4 O
National Association of Schools of Music1 G- }4 [1 k" G3 Q7 U$ N7 o
Naturopathic Medicine
3 K0 L$ E1 X6 o% K6 I1 XCouncil on Naturopathic Medical Education
- O, O& R! c! m4 r' y3 Y( j- YNurse Anesthesia
% a3 f* T/ J0 P& w3 j: HCouncil on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthetists Educational Programs8 O' t8 Y2 z# Y, W" g
Nurse Midwifery* @3 o3 @9 i4 T: `: y; N2 R7 x6 E
Division of Accreditation, American College of Nurse-Midwives
) A2 M, n& X! Y, a7 O g. zNursing
7 d4 Y- H( x2 L$ VAccreditation Services, National League for Nursing, Inc.* F v9 t+ Z/ N1 l/ E
Occupational Therapy
( o0 P- h r a# x/ X9 W* CAccreditation Department, American Occupational Therapy Association
! \; S) s( y# TOptometry; n7 |3 X0 T5 m' W' _& v& o
Council on Optometric Education, American Optometric Association- J# a5 F* ]1 K3 w% h0 U1 @ P
Osteopathic Medicine& G; K! O' w1 Z2 \
Department of Education, American Osteopathic Association
! n/ D: s* z! r6 i5 E. M8 I& MPharmacy
( K) e- a8 L# `American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
8 Z' p6 f" H+ E1 HPhysical Therapy
4 S0 ?$ E. V, ~$ n3 ^& }6 z5 O" N! UAmerican Physical Therapy Association
8 g3 G- ~8 Y& ]$ yPodiatric Medicine! z* s/ o* I6 F5 Z! g3 p
Council on Podiatric Medical Education, American Podiatric Medical Association( A$ k; o' u4 x
Psychology ; R+ E' l/ h6 k
Program Consultation and Accreditation Office, American Psychological Association
) d4 ^4 c; P/ S; P$ b7 PPublic Health( v$ |0 q- e# z. {7 z( Z
Council on Education for Public Health
! L: b4 ]8 `4 M' L m1 E0 NRabbinical and Talmudic Education; b& {) ~1 G5 x% @8 M+ H" n$ V
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools1 Y* k* X. i' G* h4 g( Q; Z
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
6 S3 R. Q h8 L/ y0 _2 e2 n( Y4 HAcademic Affairs and Credentialing Division, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association" q# w1 J3 d) F3 b1 l# u7 s9 m& g
Theater0 d! M7 }/ V( w9 Z0 Q
National Association of Schools of Theatre
6 V6 }: [( b6 y8 w) U: ~& DTheology " z! m7 m1 O' _& I. }4 m3 l
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
- K" A0 |! j9 LVeterinary Medicine
; X6 _% J3 u: S* ~American Veterinary Medicine Association |